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Noah Diewald 2019-04-10 19:55:52 -04:00
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11
derivativepoles.tex Normal file
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\tikz [>=stealth', line width=.15ex]
\graph [layered layout, grow'=up, edges=rounded corners, level distance=3em]
{
"inherent" <- "variable",
"sentient" <- "variable";
};
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: "../../morphology"
%%% End:

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potawatomi/classes-complete.tex Normal file
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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.2em]
\node (weak) at (0,0) {
\begin{minipage}{8em}
{\large\bf Class Weak}\vspace{0.5em}
\small
\begin{itemize}
\item long prefix {\it n(e)d-}
\item typical of \emph{weak} vowel initial stems: /ǒ,ə/
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (strong) at (10,0) {
\begin{minipage}{8em}
{\large\bf Class Strong}\vspace{0.5em}
\small
\begin{itemize}
\item short prefix {\it n-}
\item (historically) typical of \emph{strong} vowel initial
stems: /a,e,i,o/
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (inherent) at (20,0) {
\begin{minipage}{8em}
{\large\bf Class inherent}\vspace{0.5em}
\small
\begin{itemize}
\item no suffix {\it -m}
\item typical of inalienable possession
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (sentient) at (30,0) {
\begin{minipage}{8em}
{\large\bf Class Sentient}\vspace{0.5em}
\small
\begin{itemize}
\item requires suffix {\it -m}
\item typical of possessed nouns for humans, animals and animate
plants
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (chief) at (0,-20) {
\begin{minipage}{15em}
{\large\bf Class Chief}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\rnum & \af{nd}okma\af{m} & `my chief' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{A suffix {\it -m} is required as is a long
prefix. Here the initial \emph{o} is /ǒ/. These are not
overabundant.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\node[fill=white!90] (inalienable) at (25,-20) {
\begin{minipage}{15em}
{\large{\bf Class Inalienable:} typical inalienable possession}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\rnum & \af{n}bemdakey & `my collarbone' \\
\rnum & \af{n}os & `my father' \\
\rnum & \af{n}medné & `my blanket' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{A suffix {\it -m} \emph{never} appears and the prefix
is \emph{always} in the short form. Not overabundant.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (bobcat) at (5,-40) {
\begin{minipage}{15em}
{\large{\bf Class Bobcat:} inflects like `bobcat'}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\rnum & \af{n}bezhow\af{em} & `my bobcat' \\
\rnum & \af{nde}bzhow\af{em} & `my bobcat' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{A suffix {\it -m} is required but it inflects like
both \emph{weak} and \emph{strong} classes.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (flag) at (20,-40) {
\begin{minipage}{15em}
{\large{\bf Class Flag:} inflects like `flag'}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\rnum & \af{nd}ekwé'wen & `my flag' \\
\rnum & \af{nd}ekwé'wen\af{em} & `my flag' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{The free stem for this is {\it kewé'wen}, because the
first {\it e} was not deleted due to the rules of syncope,
there should be an underlying initial weak vowel /ə/. The
prefix must be long but the suffix is optional.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (general) at (10,-60) {
\begin{minipage}{15em}
{\large{\bf Class General:} ``$\text{inalienable}\times\textsc{flag}$''}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\rnum & \af{n}mowej & `my feces' \\
\rnum & \af{nde}mowj\af{em} & `my feces' \\
\rnum & \af{n}jiman & `my canoe' \\
\rnum & \af{nde}jiman & `my canoe' \\
\rnum & \af{n}dekobjegen & `my string' \\
\rnum & \af{n}dekobjegn\af{em} & `my string' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Four forms should be possible here for each but due
to data sparsity, it is difficult to find a single lexeme
that has been attested for all forms.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\draw[->] (general) to (inalienable);
\draw[->] (general) to (flag);
\draw[->] (inalienable) to (inherent);
\draw[->] (inalienable) to (strong);
\draw[->] (flag) to (chief);
\draw[->] (flag.north) to (inherent.southwest);
\draw[->] (chief.north) to (sentient);
\draw[->] (chief.north) to (weak);
\draw[->] (bobcat.north) to (sentient);
\draw[->] (bobcat.north) to (strong);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End:

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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.2em]
\node (chief) at (0,0) {\large\bf Class Chief};
\node (inherent) at (10,0) {\large\bf Class inherent};
\node (flag) at (5,-10) {
\begin{minipage}{15em}
{\large\bf Class Flag}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\rnum & \af{nd}ekwé'wen & `my flag' \\
\rnum & \af{nd}ekwé'wen\af{em} & `my flag' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{The prefix must be long but the suffix is optional.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\draw[->] (flag) to (chief);
\draw[->] (flag) to (inherent);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End:

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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',line width=.1em]
\matrix [row sep={3em}, nodes={ellipse,inner sep=0pt}]
{
\node (l) {\begin{tabular}{cc}\textsf{Long}\\ \cgrid{L}{}{}{}\end{tabular}}; &
\node (n) {\begin{tabular}{cc}\textsf{No-Suffix}\\ \cgrid{}{}{N}{}\end{tabular}}; &
\node (m) {\begin{tabular}{cc}\textsf{M-Suffix}\\ \cgrid{}{}{}{M}\end{tabular}}; &
\node (s) {\begin{tabular}{cc}\textsf{Short}\\ \cgrid{}{S}{}{}\end{tabular}}; & \\
\node [fill=red!25] (ln) {\cgrid{L}{}{N}{}}; &
\node [fill=green!25] (lm) {\cgrid{L}{}{}{M}}; &
\node [draw,fill=green!25] (sn) {\cgrid{}{S}{N}{}}; &
\node [fill=red!25] (sm) {\cgrid{}{S}{}{M}}; & \\
\node [fill=green!25] (lnm) {\cgrid{L}{}{N}{M}}; &
\node [fill=red!25] (lsn) {\cgrid{L}{S}{N}{}}; &
\node [fill=green!25] (lsm) {\cgrid{L}{S}{}{M}}; &
\node [fill=red!25] (snm) {\cgrid{}{S}{N}{M}}; & \\
\node [fill=yellow!25] (lsnm) {\cgrid{L}{S}{N}{M}}; & & & \\
};
\node at (3,-12) {
\begin{tabular}{llll}
& \clrbox{green} & \clrbox{yellow} & \clrbox{red} \\
Fully Attested & \checkmark & & \checkmark \\
Not Fully Attested & & \checkmark & \\
Predicted & \checkmark & \checkmark & \\
Not Predicted & & & \checkmark \\
\end{tabular} };
\draw[->] (ln.north) to (l.south);
\draw[->] (ln.north) to (n.south);
\draw[->] (lm.north) to (l.south);
\draw[->] (lm.north) to (m.south);
\draw[->] (sn.north) to (s.south);
\draw[->] (sn.north) to (n.south);
\draw[->] (sm.north) to (s.south);
\draw[->] (sm.north) to (m.south);
\draw[->] (lnm.north) to (ln.south);
\draw[->] (lnm.north) to (lm.south);
\draw[->] (lsn.north) to (ln.south);
\draw[->] (lsn.north) to (sn.south);
\draw[->] (lsm.north) to (lm.south);
\draw[->] (lsm.north) to (sm.south);
\draw[->] (snm.north) to (sn.south);
\draw[->] (snm.north) to (sm.south);
\draw[->] (lsnm.north) to (lnm.south);
\draw[->] (lsnm.north) to (lsm.south);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: "../../morphology"
%%% End:

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potawatomi/classes-general.tex Normal file
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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.2em]
\node (inalienable) at (0,0) {\large\bf Class Inalienable};
\node (flag) at (20,0) {\large\bf Class Flag};
\node (general) at (10,-13) {
\begin{minipage}{15em}
{\large{\bf Class General:} ``$\text{inalienable}\times\textsc{flag}$''}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\rnum & \af{n}mowej & `my feces' \\
\rnum & \af{nde}mowj\af{em} & `my feces' \\
\rnum & \af{n}jiman & `my canoe' \\
\rnum & \af{nde}jiman & `my canoe' \\
\rnum & \af{n}dekobjegen & `my string' \\
\rnum & \af{n}dekobjegn\af{em} & `my string' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Four forms \emph{should} be possible for each.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\draw[->] (general) to (inalienable);
\draw[->] (general) to (flag);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End:

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potawatomi/classes-inalienable.tex Normal file
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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.2em]
\node (strong) at (0,0) {
\begin{minipage}{8em}
{\large\bf Class Strong}
\end{minipage}
};
\node[draw,ellipse] (relations) at (0,-8) {
\begin{minipage}{10em}
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
bobcat & $\leq$ & chief \\
bobcat & $\leq$ & strong \\
inalienable & $\leq$ & inherent \\
inalienable & $\leq$ & strong \\
& ... & \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (inherent) at (40,0) {
\begin{minipage}{8em}
{\large\bf Class inherent}\vspace{0.5em}
\small
\begin{itemize}
\item no suffix {\it -m}
\item typical of inalienable possession
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
};
\node[fill=white!90] (inalienable) at (20,-5) {
\begin{minipage}{15em}
{\large{\bf Class Inalienable:} typical inalienable possession}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\rnum & \af{n}bemdakey & `my collarbone' \\
\rnum & \af{n}os & `my father' \\
\rnum & \af{n}medné & `my blanket' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{A suffix {\it -m} \emph{never} appears and the prefix
is \emph{always} in the short form. Not overabundant.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\draw[->] (inalienable) to (inherent);
\draw[->] (inalienable) to (strong);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End:

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potawatomi/classes-sentient.tex Normal file
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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.2em]
\node (weak) at (0,0) {
\begin{minipage}{8em}
{\large\bf Class Weak}\vspace{0.5em}
\small
\begin{itemize}
\item long prefix {\it n(e)d-}
\item typical of \emph{weak} vowel initial stems: /ǒ,ə/
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (sentient) at (20,0) {
\begin{minipage}{8em}
{\large\bf Class Sentient}\vspace{0.5em}
\small
\begin{itemize}
\item requires suffix {\it -m}
\item typical of possessed nouns for humans, animals and animate
plants
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (strong) at (40,0) {
\begin{minipage}{8em}
{\large\bf Class Strong}\vspace{0.5em}
\small
\begin{itemize}
\item short prefix {\it n-}
\item (historically) typical of \emph{strong} vowel initial
stems: /a,e,i,o/
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
};
\node (chief) at (0,-12) {
\begin{minipage}{10em}
{\large\bf Class Chief}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\af{nd}okma\af{m} & `my chief' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{A suffix {\it -m} is required as is a long
prefix. Here the initial \emph{o} is /ǒ/. These are not
overabundant.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\node[draw,ellipse] (ellipse) at (40,-13) {
\begin{minipage}{10em}
\centering
The edges represent a partial order on these classes. There is
no ``inheritance'' in this framework. The order is relational.
\end{minipage}
};
\node (bobcat) at (20,-15) {
\begin{minipage}{15em}
{\large\bf Class Bobcat}\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\rnum & \af{n}bezhow\af{em} & `my bobcat' \\
\rnum & \af{nde}bzhow\af{em} & `my bobcat' \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{A suffix {\it -m} is required but it inflects like
both \emph{weak} and \emph{strong} classes.}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\draw[->] (chief.north) to (sentient);
\draw[->] (chief.north) to (weak);
\draw[->] (bobcat) to (chief);
\draw[->] (bobcat) to (strong);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End:

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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',line width=.15em]
\node (msfx) at (0,0) {\Large\sf\mixone{M-Suffix}};
\node (nsfx) at (20,0) {\Large\sf\mixtwo{No-Suffix}};
\node (both) at (10,-6) {
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{table}
\Large
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\af{n}\mixtwo{dekobjegen} & {\large `my string'} \\
\af{n}\mixone{dekobjegn}\af{em} & {\large \gr{`my string'}} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\draw[->] (both.north) to (msfx);
\draw[->] (both.north) to (nsfx);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: "../../morphology"
%%% End:

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potawatomi/derivativepoles.tex Normal file
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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth']
\matrix[column 1/.style={nodes={text width=18em,text ragged}}] at (-5,0.5)
{
\node {$both\leq_I short$}; \\
\node {$both\leq_I long$}; \\
};
\node (3) at (0,1) {$short$};
\node (34) at (3,0) {$both$};
\node (4) at (6,1) {$long$};
\draw[<-] (3) to (34);
\draw[<-] (4) to (34);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: "../../morphology"
%%% End:

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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',line width=.15em]
\node (long) at (5,0) {\sf\mixone{Long}};
\node (nosuffix) at (10,0) {\sf No-Suffix};
\node (short) at (0,0) {\sf\mixtwo{Short}};
\node (both) at (5,-6) {\alpha};
\node (table) at (17,-4) {
\begin{tabular}{l}
$\vdash \alpha \leq \textsf{Long}$ \\
$\vdash \alpha \leq \textsf{Short}$ \\
$\vdash \alpha \leq \textsf{No-Suffix}$ \\
\end{tabular}
};
\draw[->] (both.north) to (nosuffix);
\draw[->] (both.north) to (long);
\draw[->] (both.north) to (short);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: "../../morphology"
%%% End:

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potawatomi/prefixpoles.tex Normal file
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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',line width=.15em]
\node (long) at (0,0) {\sf\mixone{Long}};
\node (short) at (20,0) {\sf\mixtwo{Short}};
\node (both) at (10,-6) {
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{table}
\Large
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\af{n}\mixtwo{jiman} & {\large `my canoe'} \\
\af{nde}\mixone{jiman} & {\large \gr{`my canoe'}} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{minipage}
};
\draw[->] (both.north) to (long);
\draw[->] (both.north) to (short);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: "../../morphology"
%%% End:

18
potawatomi/structure-bobcat.tex Normal file
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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.15em]
\node (stem) at (-10,0) {\it stem};
\node (stemm) at (-2,0) {{\it stem}\af{m}};
\node (ndstemm) at (8,4) {\af{ned}{\it stem}\af{m}};
\node (nstemm) at (8,-4) {\af{n}{\it stem}\af{m}};
\draw[->,dashed] (stem) to [out = 35, in = 170] node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $q\circ p$} (ndstemm);
\draw[->,dashed] (stem) to [out = -35, in = 190] node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r\circ p$} (nstemm);
\draw[->] (stem) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $p$} (stemm);
\draw[->] (stemm) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $q$} (ndstemm);
\draw[->] (stemm) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r$} (nstemm);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End:

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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.15em]
\node (stem) at (-10,0) {\sf free};
\node (stemm) at (-2,0) {\sf bound};
\node (ndstemm) at (8,4) {\sf nposs};
\node (nstemm) at (8,-4) {\sf nposs};
\node (ndstem) at (-15,-6) {\sf nposs};
\node (nstem) at (-5,-6) {\sf nposs};
\draw[->] (stem) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $p$} (stemm);
\draw[->] (stem.south) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $q$} (ndstem);
\draw[->] (stem.south) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r$} (nstem);
\draw[->] (stemm) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $q$} (ndstemm);
\draw[->] (stemm) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r$} (nstemm);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End:

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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.15em]
\node (stem) at (-10,0) {\it stem};
\node (stemm) at (-2,0) {{\it stem}\af{m}};
\node (ndstemm) at (8,4) {\af{ned}{\it stem}\af{m}};
\node (nstemm) at (8,-4) {\af{n}{\it stem}\af{m}};
\node (ndstem) at (-15,-6) {\af{ned}{\it stem}};
\node (nstem) at (-5,-6) {\af{n}{\it stem}};
\draw[->,dashed] (stem) to [out = 35, in = 170] node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $q\circ p$} (ndstemm);
\draw[->,dashed] (stem) to [out = -35, in = 190] node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r\circ p$} (nstemm);
\draw[->] (stem) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $p$} (stemm);
\draw[->] (stem.south) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $q$} (ndstem);
\draw[->] (stem.south) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r$} (nstem);
\draw[->] (stemm) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $q$} (ndstemm);
\draw[->] (stemm) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r$} (nstemm);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End:

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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.15em]
\node (stem) at (-10,0) {\it stem};
\node (stemm) at (-2,0) {{\it stem}\af{m}};
\node (nstemm) at (8,-4) {\af{n}{\it stem}\af{m}};
\node (nstem) at (-5,-6) {\af{n}{\it stem}};
\draw[->,dashed] (stem) to [out = -35, in = 190] node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r\circ p$} (nstemm);
\draw[->] (stem) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $p$} (stemm);
\draw[->] (stem.south) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r$} (nstem);
\draw[->] (stemm) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r$} (nstemm);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End:

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potawatomi/structure-summary-cat.tex Normal file
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\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', line width=.15em]
\node (stem) at (-10,0) {$x\leq \textsf{m-affixed}$};
\node (ndstem) at (-15,-6) {\sf nposs};
\node (nstem) at (-5,-6) {\sf nposs};
\draw[->] (stem.south) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $q$} (ndstem);
\draw[->] (stem.south) to node [fill=white] {\footnotesize $r$} (nstem);
\end{tikzpicture}
%%% Local Variables:
%%% mode: latex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End: